Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is often discussed in relation to military veterans returning from combat. However, health experts say the condition can affect anyone who experiences a traumatic event.
Dr. Stacy Chronister, an internal medicine specialist with a military background, joined News On 6 to discuss how PTSD develops, common warning signs and why treatment is important for both mental and physical health.
What is PTSD?
PTSD, or post-traumatic stress disorder, can develop after someone experiences a traumatic event.
According to Dr. Chronister, symptoms can include reliving the event through intrusive thoughts or flashbacks, mood changes, irritability and avoiding situations that trigger memories of the trauma.
“It’s more than just what happens to the brain,” Dr. Chronister said.
How common is trauma?
Dr. Chronister said trauma is more common than many people realize.
She said about 70% of Americans experience at least one traumatic event during their lifetime, while many experience multiple major traumatic events.
Not everyone who experiences trauma develops PTSD, but some people are at greater risk than others.
What are some common signs of PTSD?
PTSD symptoms can vary, but Dr. Chronister said loved ones often notice behavioral changes first.
Common signs include:
- Irritability or agitation
- Sleep problems
- Intrusive thoughts or flashbacks
- Avoiding crowds or certain places
- Hypervigilance, or constantly scanning surroundings for potential threats
Dr. Chronister said someone with PTSD may avoid activities they once enjoyed because certain sounds, environments or situations become overwhelming.
How can you talk to a loved one about PTSD?
Dr. Chronister said it is important to approach the conversation with compassion and curiosity.
She recommends pointing out specific changes you’ve noticed, such as avoiding social outings or no longer participating in activities they once enjoyed.
“I’ve noticed we used to go places and we no longer do,” Dr. Chronister said as an example of how to start the conversation.
She said loved ones should recognize that PTSD affects not only the individual but also families and communities.
Can PTSD affect physical health?
Dr. Chronister said PTSD’s effects extend beyond mental health.
Research has shown links between chronic stress and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other health concerns.
“Our brain is connected to our body,” Dr. Chronister said. “Whenever we have something that’s in distress, we show it in other places as well.”
Who is most at risk?
Dr. Chronister said women are diagnosed with PTSD more often than men.
Veterans also experience PTSD at higher rates than the general population because of exposure to combat and other traumatic events.
Genetics can also play a role. Dr. Chronister said people with a family history of PTSD may be more likely to develop the condition following a traumatic event.
“If you or someone in your family struggles from PTSD, if you struggle with it or you have a traumatic event, you are more likely to have PTSD,” she said.
How is PTSD diagnosed and treated?
Dr. Chronister encourages people who believe they may be experiencing PTSD symptoms to speak with their healthcare provider.
She said patients should not hesitate to bring up concerns, even if their symptoms seem mild.
Treatment often includes therapy, medication or a combination of both.
Dr. Chronister highlighted several therapy approaches that can help people process traumatic experiences, including therapies that use guided eye movements and structured storytelling techniques.
Medications can also help address changes in brain chemistry associated with PTSD. Dr. Chronister said sertraline is commonly prescribed as part of treatment.
When should someone seek help?
Dr. Chronister said people should seek help if symptoms begin affecting daily life, relationships or overall well-being.
She encourages anyone who experiences a traumatic event, especially those with a family history of PTSD, to talk with a healthcare professional sooner rather than later.
Early treatment can help people better manage symptoms and begin the healing process.
